Interim Report of the Departmental Committee on Tuberculosis (Classic Reprint)
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Produktbeschreibung
Excerpt from Interim Report of the Departmental Committee on Tuberculosis 1. The Committee appointed by your minute of 22nd February 1912, to report at an early date upon the considerations of general policy in respect of the problem of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom, in its preventive, curative, and other aspects, which should guide the Government and local bodies in making or aiding provision for the treatment of tuberculosis in sanatoria or other institutions or otherwise, desire to submit the following observations and recommendations as an Interim Report. The object of the Committee has been to take into consideration the existing machinery and funds available, and to indicate the lines upon which, in their view, a national and comprehensive scheme for combating tuberculosis in all its forms may be established and developed. 2. The production of such a scheme needs much inquiry and deliberation, and the Committee desire that this report should not be taken as the final expression of their views upon the problem in all its details. This is an Interim Report, rendered necessary by the fact that the National Insurance Act, 1911, with its important provisions with regard to tuberculosis, comes into operation on July 15, 1912. Preliminary arrangements will have shortly to be made, both centrally and locally, and the Committee deem it of great importance that any steps taken under that Act by any of the authorities or bodies concerned should be in general harmony with the scheme which they desire to recommend. This I report will, therefore, deal mainly with the essential features and broad lines of a comprehensive scheme, with special reference to the practical steps which should be taken in the near future, for the provision of immediate treatment for the existing tuberculous population according to our present knowledge. 3. In order that the field of inquiry of the Committee may properly be appreciated, it is necessary to indicate briefly a few general aspects of the problem with which the Committee is called upon to deal. The facts as to the prevalence of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom, the mortality due to the disease, and the general suffering and economic waste which it causes, have become so far matters of common knowledge that it would be out of place in a report of this nature to furnish statistics. It is sufficient to say that the disease has a wide prevalence, and that a large proportion of the population has, at some time or other, developed tuberculosis, although it may have remained latent and unrecognised. The seeds of the disease have been present, but in many cases the dose of infective material has been too small to produce active disease or the resisting power of the body into which they have been introduced has been sufficient to protect it from a well-defined attack. The problem of the prevention and treatment of the disease presents, therefore, two aspects, that of the seed of the disease, and that of the soil in which the seed may be planted. With regard to the seed of the disease, it is now generally accepted that both the human and bovine types of the bacillus of tuberculosis are capable of giving rise to the disease in human beings. The question whether the introduction of these bacilli into the human body, will result in the production of definite disease depends largely upon the amount and virtdence of the infective material invading the vulnerable tissues of the body and the condition and degree of activity of the defensive forces of the body. Certain factors tend to weaken those defensive forces and thus to render the body less able to resist the infecting organisms. Among these factors may be cited(1) the constitution of the individual;(2) the surroundings in which he lives;(3) his standard, habits, and method of life;(4) the nature of his occupation or employment;(5) the diseases and accidents t
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