The Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 67
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Produktbeschreibung
Excerpt from The Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 67: May to October, 1905 The rays from the three most studied radio-elements, uranium, thorium and radium, can be separated into three distinct types, known as the a, ß, and y rays. The nature of the a and ß rays has been deduced from observations of the deflection of the path of the rays by a magnetic and electric field. According to the electromagnetic theory, a radiation which is deflectable by a magnetic or electric field must consist of a flight of charged particles. If the amount of deflection of the rays from their path is measured when both a magnetic and an electric field of known strength are applied, the value of the velocity of the particles and the ratio e/m, of the charge e carried by the particle to its apparent mass m, can be determined. From the direction of the deviation, the sign of the electric charge carried by the particle can be deduced. Examined in this way, the ß rays have been shown to consist of negatively changed particles projected with a velocity approaching that of light. The experiments of Beequerel and Kaufmann have shown that the ß rays are identical with the cathode rays produced in a vacuum tube. This relationship has been established by showing that the value of e/m is the same for the two kinds of rays. If the charge on the ß particle - or electron, as it has been termed - is the same as that carried by the hydrogen atom, this result shows that the apparent mass of the electron at slow speeds is about 1/1000 of that of the hydrogen atom. The ß particles from the radio-elements are expelled with a much greater speed than the cathode ray particles in a vacuum tube. The swifter particles move with a velocity of at least 95 per cent, of that of light. The emission by radium of electrons with high but different velocities has been utilized by Kaufmann to determine the variation of e/m with speed. He found that the value of e/m decreased with increase of velocity, showing that the apparent mass increased with the speed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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