American Journal of Numismatics
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Partner: | buecher.de |
Hersteller: | Forgotten Books (Society, American Numismatic) |
Stand: | 2015-08-04 03:50:33 |
Produktbeschreibung
Excerpt from American Journal of Numismatics: And Proceedings of the American Numismatic Society 1913 Probably the most important incident that characterized the fifteenth century was the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, and the consequent termination of the Eastern or Byzantine empire. The history of the other European States during this period while interesting, is insignificant in comparison to the rise and growth of the Ottoman empire. France and England finally reached an agreement in their struggles for supremacy, the English retaining Calais only. Hardly had this been accomplished when the House of York began to aspire to the crown, and by their ambition views they inaugurated the "Civil Wars of the Roses." The House of Tudor under Henry VII began in 1485. France enlarged her territory under Louis XI by the conquest of Burgundy, Provence and Anjou. The three Scandinavian kingdoms, Denmark, Sweden and Norway were joined under Margaret by the union of Kalmar in 1397; but in 1435 Sweden withdrew from this arrangement. The Low Countries included a number of independent dukedoms, such as Brabant, Flanders, Gelderland, Holland, Zeeland, etc., which eventually became subject to the House of Hapsburg, and the seventeen provinces were united under Charles V during the succeeding century. It was their most flourishing period of trade, and Bruges and Ghent were the great commercial centres. Throughout the Holy Roman Empire the followers of Johann Huss of Bohemia refused to acknowledge the Emperor Sigismund, which led to the Hussite Wars, lasting from 1419 to 1436. In 1438 the line of Hapsburg succeeded to the throne under Albrecht II and a union of Bohemia and Hungary with the Empire was effected. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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