Investigation of the Fur-Seal and Other Fisheries of Alaska

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Excerpt from Investigation of the Fur-Seal and Other Fisheries of Alaska: Report From the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the House of Representative It is farther shown by the testimony before the committee that on their return to the islands, after their temporary absence during the winter, these animals generally select the locations on the rookeries which they had formerly occupied. It appears, too, that all the Alaskan fur seals are born on these islands; that they are distinct animals, and have none of the characteristics of fish, and will drown in the water until they are taught to swim by their elders. In former years fur seals were found in great numbers on various islands of the South Pacific Ocean; but after a comparatively short period of indiscriminate slaughter the rookeries were deserted, the animals having been killed or driven from their haunts; so that now the only existing rookeries are those in Alaska, another in the Russian part of Bering Sea. and a third on Lobos Island, at the mouth of the river Plate in South America. All these rookeries are under the protection of their several Governments. The best estimate as to the number of these animals on the Alaska rookeries places it at about four millions; but a marked diminution of the number is noticed within the last two or three years, which is attributed by the testimony to the fact that unauthorized persons during the summers of 1886, 1887, and 188S had fitted out expeditions and cruised in Alaskan waters, and by the use of fire arms destroyed hundreds of thousands of these animals, without regard to age or sex. The law prohibits the killing of fur seals in the Territory of Alaska or the waters thereof, except by the lessee of the seal islan Is, and the lessee is permitted to kill during the mouths of June, July, September, and October only; and is forbidden to kill any seal less than one year old, or any female seal, "or to kill such seals at any time by the use of fire-arms, or by other means tending to drive the seals away from those islands." (Rev. Stat., see. 1960.) Governor Simpson, of the Hudson Bay Company. iu his " Overland Journey Round the World," 1841-´42, p. 130, says: Some twenty or thirty years ago there was a most wasteful destruction of the seal, when young and old, male and female, were indiscriminately knocked in the head. This imprudence, as any one might have expected, proved detrimental in two ways. The race was- almost extirpated; and the market was glutted to such a degree, at the rate for some time of 200,000 skins a year, that the prices did not even pay the expenses of carriage. The Russiaus, however, have now adopted nearly the saute plan which the Hudson Bay Company pursues in recruiting any of its exhausted districts, killing only a limited number of such males as have attained their full growth, apian peculiarly applicable to the fur seal, inasmuch as its habits render a system of husbanding the stock as easy and certain as that of destroying it. In the year 1S00 the rookeries of the Georgian Islands produced 112.000 fur seals. From 1806 to 1823, says the Encyclopaedia Britanica, "The Georgian Islands produced 1,200,000 seals, and the island of Desolation has been equally productive." Over 1,000,000 were taken from the island of Masaiuera and shipped to China iu 179S-´99. (Fanning´s "Vovages to the South Sea," p. 299.) In 1820 and 1821 over 300,000 fur seals were taken at the South Shetland Islands, and Captain Weddell states that at the end of the second year the species had there become almost exterminated. In addition to the number killed for their furs, he estimates that "not less than 100.000 newly born young died in consequence of the destruction of their mot

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