Report on Indian Affairs
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Produktbeschreibung
Excerpt from Report on Indian Affairs: By the Acting Commissioner, for the Year 1867 Our Indian relations have assumed a new and interesting aspect. The steady approach of emigration to the grounds heretofore devoted to the chase, and the rapid progress of the rail roads pointing towards the Pacific and traversing the country over which the Indians from time immemorial have roamed, imperiously demand that the policy of concentrating them upon reservations should, whenever practicable, be adopted. Until recently there was territory enough to supply the demands of the white race, without unduly encroaching upon the districts where the Indians subsisted by hunting. This condition of things no longer exists. Christianity and civilization, with the industrial arts, are spreading over the entire region from the Mississippi to the Pacific. The Indians are in possession of vast tracts of country, abounding in precious metals, or rich in sources of agricultural wealth. These invite the enterprise of the adventurous pioneer, who, in seeking a home and fortune, is constantly pressing upon the abode of the red man. By an inevitable law, two races, one civilized and the other barbarous, are being brought face to face. The obligations which rest upon the government extend to both. Each is justly entitled to protection. Our duty requires us to devise a system by which civilization, with its attendant blessings, may be fostered and extended, and at the same time protection be secured to the tribes. The estimated number of Indians is about three hundred thousand, spreading from Lake Superior to the Pacific ocean. Those east of the Mississippi, with few exceptions, are on reservations; so also are the tribes in Kansas north of the Arkansas, and those located between the western border of Arkansas and the country known as the leased lands. Treaties were negotiated last winter with the Kansas tribes, and submitted to the Senate for its constitutional action. If ratified and in good faith executed, these tribes will be provided with homes, where they will soon become self-sustaining, as they have already adopted the habits of civilized life and become familiar with agricultural pursuits. They will then require from us little beyond protection against the intrusion of the whites, and the faithful performance of our stipulations. A consideration of the proper policy to be pursued in respect to the wild tribes presents more difficult questions. As long as they cling to their nomadic habits, and subsist by hunting and fishing, encroachments upon their hunting grounds - and it does not seem possible to prevent it - will necessarily lead to hostilities and a devastation of the frontier settlements. The tribes within our borders are capable of civilization. The past furnishes gratifying evidence that well-directed and persistent efforts to that end will be rewarded with success. It is, however, a work-of time. The arts of civilization but slowly displaced the primitive tastes and habits of our own race. It must be so with the Indian; he cannot immediately be transformed from the hunter to the farmer or mechanic. There are intermediate states through which he has to pass. He should be gradually won from the chase to a pastoral life, and under its influences he will ultimately acquire a taste for agricultural pursuits. The first step in the process of improvement is to localize the Indians. The same district should not be appropriated to the savage and the civilized, nor should tribes between whom hereditary feuds exist be brought together, as it would be followed by disastrous results. No objection is perceived to placing the civilized upon contiguous tracts; on the contrary, it is expedient to do so, and, as soon as their consent can be obtained, to subject them to the same system of government and laws. But such a policy is wholly inapplicable to the wild trib
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