Motives of Mankind
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| Partner: | buecher.de |
| Hersteller: | Forgotten Books (Laycock, Frederick Uttley) |
| Stand: | 2015-08-04 03:50:33 |
Produktbeschreibung
Excerpt from Motives of Mankind: A Study of Human Evolutionary Forces Chapter I. Economic Man. - Social institutions are the result of slow growth. The natural tendencies we call economic laws are substantially changeless. Difference between human and natural laws is important bat too much disregarded. Human need for material subsistence is the motive of economic activity, and the occasion of much tragedy. Adam Smith should have commenced with this need instead of the labour used to supply it. All conduct is traceable to motives and desires; and each seeks to accomplish his desires in the easiest manner known to him. Chapter II. Man´s Relation to Land. - We thus get the economic law of rent. Land is essential to production of subsistence but is of unequal value. Some land is as profitable at a rent as other land rent free. This surplus value is vitally distinguishable from the value added by human effort. To tax the natural surplus value for common purposes cannot deter effort; it will the rather discourage idleness; but to tax the result of labour will diminish the endeavour. The margin of cultivation is a formula indicating what land is for the time being worth using. The so-called law of diminishing returns may well be disregarded in face of the progress of human knowledge and skill. Freedom to seek the greatest advantage from the smallest expenditure results in increased return through change of kind and improvement of method without lowering the margin of cultivation. Demand may be enlarged without increase of population: the growth in variety indicating progress. The one condition of this increase hi demand is freedom to produce the supply. Chapter III. The Individual and Society. - Lower forms of life afford no analogy for sate inference of human motives. Social efficiency at the expense of individual efficiency or development has always resulted in national ruin. Sell-repression per se has never made for progress. Burden of society Co individual is not an aid to social evolution. Chapter IV. Power and Load. - Human communion furnishes motives. But motive power and load (or burden) are distinguishable opposites. Increasing the burden of society is hindering the race. Some human motives are independent of society, i.e. (1) need of bodily sustenance; (2) marriage and offspring. Society, or the community, usually means government and its dependents. Its effect on human motives has reflex influence on parental stock; its constitution, operation, succession and conditions. Adverse conditions do not aid evolution. Development arises from surplus vitality with sufficient provision. Chapter V. Increase of Efficiency. - Parentage of of fittest being desirable the conditions of society should not deter their marriage. Standard of subsistence cannot raise wages. But, influencing different minds in different degrees, conditions adverse to enterprise may discourage marriage of racially superior without affecting reproduction of inferior. The latter must also, as a result, suffer for want of industrial commanders. This is explanation of degeneration: also of diminishing middle classes. Restricting the stronger means crushing the weaker. Humanitarian regard for greater number has been perverted by attempt to fetter the stronger minority. These naturally and Inevitably throw off the burden for which they have no motive, and the majority suffer the more. Progress demands that the burden be taken up freely not by compulsion. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
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