Annual Report, Vol. 2
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| Hersteller: | Forgotten Books (Arthritis, National Institute of) |
| Stand: | 2015-08-04 03:50:33 |
Produktbeschreibung
Excerpt from Annual Report, Vol. 2: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke The National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases is 1 of 11 Institutes known collectively as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the largest biomedical research organization in the world. On its 306 acres of land in Bethesda, Md., NIH incorporates hundreds of sophisticated research laboratories, clinical care facilities, administrative offices, and a national medical library - all dedicated to fulfilling the agency´s role as spearhead of the Nation´s biomedical research effort. Over the years, NIH programs and activities have multiplied to meet the ever-growing demand for knowledge about health and disease. To accommodate varying research needs and facilitate progress, each of the 11 NIH Institutes functions as a separate administrative unit within which research activities in one or more disease areas or health problems are planned, coordinated, carried out, and supported. NIADDK´s emphasis on research to uncover the causes of chronic and disabling diseases has earned it recognition as an Institute whose responsibilities are attuned to the pressing health problems of the American public, and whose accomplishments often have a profound impact on the disease interests of other Institutes as well. The focus on basic research that has guided Niaddk´s programs is grounded in the fact that basic understanding of the intrinsic nature of each disease is imperative for the formulation of appropriate, effective strategies for prevention and therapy. Thus, the Institute has an important stake in the pursuit of research using the fundamental sciences, such as biochemistry, biology, physics, chemistry, pathology, genetics, immunology, physiology, and pharmacology, which provide the foundation of knowledge about diseases that can affect many organs or organ systems. The basic research successes achieved through Niaddk´s programs have been impressive, and those laboratory successes are meaningfully applied to improvement of the Nation´s health through clinical studies and trials and programs of technology transfer, information dissemination, and coordination with professional and voluntary groups as well as other government agencies. Niaddk´s Mission and History In 1950, the Omnibus Medical Research Act authorized the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (Niamd), incorporating the existing Experimental Biology and Medicine Institute, as a component of the National Institutes of Health. The establishment of Niamd brought greater priority and impetus to areas of research that previously had been largely unexplored. Chronic diseases (most with unknown causes) were undermining the well-being of the American people, and the need for a federally supported organization to concentrate primarily on fundamental biomedical research in those diseases was obvious. In its first decade, Niamd vigorously pursued its mandate by expanding programs and operations to accommodate the growing list of diseases and health problems that came under its charge. In the 1950´s, the National Advisory Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases Council was established and approved the Institute´s first grants to researchers throughout the country; the NIH Clinical Center (research hospital) was opened, broadening intramural clinical research activities; the Extramural Training Program was established; and Dr. Arthur Kornberg, former chief of the Institute´s Enzyme and Metabolism Section, won the Nobel Prize in 1959 for the first successful synthesis of nucleic acids - components of deoxynucleic acid (DNA), the determinants of inheritance. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousa
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