Decay of Rationalism (Classic Reprint)
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| Hersteller: | Forgotten Books (Holmes, Arthur) |
| Stand: | 2015-08-04 03:50:33 |
Produktbeschreibung
Excerpt from Decay of Rationalism German Rationalism had its origin in the work of Leibnitz, reached the zenith of its development under the leadership of Wolff and hit contemporaries, and was superseded by the philosophical system of Kant. Its decadence has been generally attributed to the influence of English empiricism. The salient points of this view are: (a) Rationalism was superseded by the inductive method after a long controversy between English and German thinkers wherein (b) Leibnitz sketched out the system and especially advocated the theory of innate ideas against Locke; (c) Wolff systematized and popularized Leibnitz in Germany, and (d) Kant, yielding at last to empiricism as presented by Hume, was compelled to restate the whole problem of experience in such a way as practically to surrender the´ ideals of his school. Contrary to the foregoing opinion, this monograph holds that the most important factor in the passing of rationalism was its own internal decay. It endeavors to show that independently of the English school, Leibnitz, Wolff and Kant were forced by motives inherent in their own system so to modify their basic principles that their original intention of perfecting an all-inclusive deductive method became impossible. This necessity arose from difficulties within and not from without. Upon such a theory the whole emphasis is shifted from external to internal motives. Such a thesis does not, of course, deny the presence of any external effects at all. All three writers were amenable somewhat to the arguments of empiricism. Kant, especially in his later critical writings like the Critique, probably had his own independent view verified and illuminated by the oppostion of Hume. But such influences were incidental only, corroborations of conclusions already arrived at, revealing as much the weakness of empiricism as the shortcomings of rationalism. In short, denying the dictum of Hamann, it is insisted that without a Hume there would have been a Kant. Upon the play of motives involved, the obscurity surrounding this period of thought is evidenced by the varied opinions of commentators. For example, few of them will agree upon the precise time when Kant felt the quickening influence of his "awakener." Some are cautiously general while others are each certain of conflicting dates. Windleband quotes a number of authors without himself hazarding a guess; Falkenberg mentions 1760; Ueberweg is vague, saying that it is only "in a later period, beginning with 1769, that he (Kant) developed the critical philosophy;" Fischer points to the Dreams of a Ghost-Secr (1766), marking the zenith of Hume´s influence though he believes it was clearly present as early as the treatise on Negative Quantities; Hoffding says "about 1762-1763" and Adickes mentions "the latter part of the sixties." Equally great is the disagreement upon the amount and source of the influence. Newton, Locke and supremely Homo are mentioned as English contributors; Euler is named on the German side with Kant´s teachers, Krutzen and Teske; while Wolff is generally made the forerunner of Kant and the echo of Leibnitz. Though the commentators are at such variance it is still possible to arrange them in a progressive scale according to their approximation to the view of this paper. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
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