The American Cyclopaedia, Vol. 4
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Excerpt from The American Cyclopaedia, Vol. 4: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge Carnarvon is frequented in summer for sea bathing, and there is a handsome bathing establishment, and a terrace walk along the strait, terminating in a pier. The harbor admits vessels of 400 tons burden. The older and smaller part of the town is surrounded by an ancient wall. At the S. W. corner of the town is a large castle, in the tower of which Edward II., the first English prince of Wales, was born. The castle with its courtyard is a mile in circuit. Over its gateway is a statue of Edward I. Carnarvon was the site of the Roman station Segontium. Carnarvonshire, a county of Wales, forming the N. W. extremity of the mainland, bordering on Cardigan and Carnarvon bays and Menaistrait; area, 579 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 95,694. A large part of the county is a peninsula which extends S. W. into the Irish sea. The Snowdon range of mountains occupies the centre of the county. Of this range Snowdon, 3,571 ft., is the highest point in Wales. Lakes are numerous, but the only river of importance is the Conway, which separates the county from Denbighshire. Not one fortieth of the county is arable land, but it is rich in minerals. The slate quarried here is one of the most important mineral productions of Great Britain; most of it is sent for shipment to Bangor. The suspension bridge built by Telford for the Great Holyhead railway, and the tubular bridge built by Stephenson for the Chester and Holyhead railway, span the river Conway and the Menaistrait. Carnatic, an ancient province of British India, on the E. coast of the peninsula, extending from Cape Comorin to lat. 16° N., with an average breadth of about 90 m.; area, about 50,000 sq. m.; pop. estimated at 7,000,000. The province is separated into two parts by the Eastern Ghauts, which run parallel with the coast, and which cause a considerable difference in climate between the table land and the seaboard; the latter in dry weather is the hot test part of India, the thermometer sometimes standing at 130° in the shade. The principal rivers arc the Pennar, the Palar, and the Coleroon. The inhabitants are chiefly Hindoos. The Carnatic includes the cities of Madras and Pondicherry, besides the important towns of Arcot, Madura, Tanjore, Trich-inopoly, Nellore, and Vellore. It originally formed the Hindoo kingdom of Carnata, and after various changes was finally included in the dominions of the nabob of Arcot; and the contentions arising from a disputed succession first brought the French and English into col lision, and ended in the transfer of the Carnatic to the East India company in 1801, the reigning nabob, Azim ul-Omrah, receiving a pension equal to one fifth of the revenue, and his chief officials being provided for. The last titular nabob died in 1855, without heirs. The Carnatic is now included within the administration of the presidency of Madras. The principal occupation of the inhabitants is agriculture, theland being held either by Brahmans, who cultivate it by hired labor, or by the farmers themselves. Rice is the chief production, of which two crops a year are raised where the facilities of irrigation are good. Cotton is raised in favorable situations, and upon the high land in the interior of the province millet, sugar, and indigo are produced. Carne. 1. Louis Maeein, count de, a French author, born at Quimper, Feb. 17, 1804. He early entered the diplomatic service. In 1839 he was elected to the chamber of deputies, where he was a follower of Lamartine. He opposed the Pritchard indemnity and other measures of Guizot´s foreign policy, but in 1847 accepted the presidency over the commercial department in the ministry of foreign affairs, retiring after the revolution of Feb. 24,1848. He was elected a member of the academy in 1863. In 1869 he was defeated as an ultramontane candidate for the legislative body. H
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