History for Ready Reference From the Best Historians, Biographers, and Specialists, Their Own Words in a Complete System of History for All Uses, Extending to All Countries and Subjects, and Representing for Both Readers and Students the Better and
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Excerpt from History for Ready Reference From the Best Historians, Biographers, and Specialists, Their Own Words in a Complete System of History for All Uses, Extending to All Countries and Subjects, and Representing for Both Readers and Students the Better and Newer, Vol. 1 of 7 The Tartars or Russian Turks represent the siftings of the Asiatic invasions of the thirteenth century. Their number has been steadily dwindling until they now count scarcely three millions, a mere handful in the mass of their former Slavic subjects. The survivors are scattered in irregular and isolated groups over the south and east. Prominent among them are the Crim Tartars, the kindred Nogais of the west shores of the Caspian, the Kirghis of the north shore and Ural valley, and the Bashkirs between the upper Ural and the Volga, with an isolated branch of Tartars in the valley of the Araxes south of the Caucasus. The great Asiatic irruption of the thirteenth century has been commonly known as the Mongol invasion. Such it was in leadership, though the residuum which it has left behind in European Russia proves that the rank and file were mostly Tartars. One Mongol people however, the Kalmucks, did make their way into Europe and still exist in the steppes between the lower Don and the lower Volga. The ethnology of the Caucasian peoples is the most difficult part of the entire subject. On the steppes of the Black and Caspian seas up to the very limit of the Caucasus we have two races between whom the ethnic distinction is clearly defined, the Mongol-Tartar and the Slav. Entering the Caucasus however we find a vast number of races differing alike from these and from each other. To enumerate all the different divisions of these races, whose ethnology is so very uncertain, would be useless. Grouped in three general divisions however they are as follows: the so-called Circassians who formerly occupied the whole western Caucasus with the adjoining Black sea coast but who, since the Russian conquest of 1864, have for the most part emigrated to different quarters of the Turkish Empire; the Lesghians, under which general name are included the motley crowd of peoples inhabiting the eastern Caucasus; and the Georgians, the supposed descendants of the ancient Iberians of the Caucasus, who inhabit the southern slope, including all the Tiflis province and the Trapezuntine lands on the southeast coast of the Black sea. The Tartars are hardly found in the Caucasus though they reappear immediately south of it in the lower basin of the Kura and the Araxes. Here also appear the various Iranian stems of the Asiatic Aryans, the Armenians, the Persians and the Kurds. R. H. Latham´s works on "European Ethnology" are the best general authority in English. Of more recent German guides, map and otherwise, the following are noteworthy: Bastain´s "Ethnologisches Bilderbuch," "Das Beständige in den Menschenrassen, Allgemeine Grundzüge der Ethnologic," Kiepert´s "Ethnographische Uebersichtskarte des Europäischen Orients," Menke´s "Europa nach seinen Ethnologischen Verhältnissen in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhundert," Rittich´s "Ethnographic des europäischen Russland," Sax´s "Ethnographische Karte der europäischen Turkei," Berghaus´s "Ethnographische Karte vom osterreichischen Kaiserstaat," Wendt´s "Bilder Atlas der Länder und Völkerkunde," Andree´s "Allgemeiner Handatlas (Ethnographischen Karten), "Gerland´s "Atlas der Ethnographic." - A. C. Reiley. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
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